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The following events occurred in September 1914: ==September 1, 1914 (Monday)== * Due to war with Germany, Saint Petersburg in Russia changed its name to ''Petrograd'', meaning "Peter's City", to remove the German words ''Sankt'' and ''Burg''. * Action at Néry – A cavalry brigade from the retreating British Army fought a skirmish against an opposing German cavalry brigade twice their size, during the Great Retreat from Mons. The British artillery was mostly put out of action in the first few minutes, but a single gun successfully kept up a steady fire for two and a half hours against a full German battery until British reinforcements arrived. Three men of the artillery unit were awarded the Victoria Cross for their part in the battle, including Edward Kinder Bradbury who died from wounds during the battle. The battery itself was later awarded the honour title of "Néry", the only British Army unit to have this as a battle honour. * The British 3rd Cavalry Division was established under the command of Major-General the Hon. Julian Byng and remained active until 1919. * The 15th Battalion for the Canadian Expeditionary Force was established and deployed for Europe of September 26. The battalion received battle honors for key World War One battles including the Second Battle of Ypres, Battle of the Somme, Battle of Vimy Ridge, and Battle of Passchendaele. It was disbanded in 1918 but later reformed as the 48th Highlanders of Canada.〔Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.〕 * The Imperial Japanese Navy seaplane carrier ''Wakamiya'' arrived off Kiaochow Bay, China, to participate in operations during the Siege of Tsingtao. It was the first combat deployment of an aviation ship by any country. * The last known passenger pigeon "Martha" died in the Cincinnati Zoo. * The poem "August, 1914" by John Masefield was published in the September 1 issue of ''The English Review'', the first piece of literature written about World War One. * Born: Elvin A. Kabat, American biomedical scientist, considered one of the founding fathers of modern quantitative immunochemistry (d. 2000); Vladimir Haensel, German-American chemical engineer, inventor of the catalytic reforming process that converts crude oil to gasoline, in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (d. 2002); Jean Burden, American poet, editor of ''Yankee'' from 1955 to 2002, in Waukegan, Illinois (d. 2008); Andy Lennon, Canadian aeronautical engineer, designer of modern model aircraft such as the R/C Model Aircraft Design (d. 2007) * Born: John H. Adams, American jockey, inductee to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1965, in Carlisle, Arkansas (d. 1995); Bert Bank, American soldier and politician, survivor of the Bataan Death March chronicled in his memoir ''Back From the Living Dead'', in Montgomery, Alabama (d. 2009); William J. Porter, British-American diplomat, U.S. delegate member at the Paris Peace Accords to end the Vietnam War, in Stalybridge, England (d. 1988) * Died: George Henry Morris, Irish military officer, first commanding officer to lead an Irish Guards battalion into battle, killed in action (b. 1872) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「September 1914」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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